![]()
the + 名詞 + with which SVの構文は、基本的に how + 副詞 + SVに書き換え可能です。
この二つはほぼ同等の意味を持ち、特に程度・方法・様子を表す場合に自然に置き換えられます。ネイティブスピーカーも両方を頻繁に使い分けています。
置き換えのルール(目安)
the + 名詞 + with which → how + その名詞から派生した副詞(-ly形など)
名詞がすでに副詞的な意味を持つ場合(ease, rapidityなど)は特にスムーズ
いくつか具体例で確認してみましょう(前日の例文をベースに書き換えています):
1. The accuracy with which she painted the portrait was astonishing.
→ How accurately she painted the portrait was astonishing.
(彼女がどれほど正確に肖像画を描いたかは驚くべきことだった)
2. The ease with which he learned new languages impressed everyone.
→ How easily he learned new languages impressed everyone.
(彼がどれほど簡単に新しい言語を学んだかが皆を感心させた)
3. The rapidity with which the fire spread caught the firefighters off guard.
→ How rapidly the fire spread caught the firefighters off guard.
(火事がどれほど速く広がったかが消防士たちを不意打ちにした)
4. The precision with which the surgeon operated saved the patient’s life.
→ How precisely the surgeon operated saved the patient’s life.
(外科医がどれほど精密に手術したかが患者の命を救った)
5. The care with which she handled the fragile artifacts was commendable.
→ How carefully she handled the fragile artifacts was commendable.
(彼女がどれほど注意深く壊れやすい工芸品を扱ったかが賞賛に値した)
6. The speed with which the athlete ran the marathon broke the record.
→ How fast / How quickly the athlete ran the marathon broke the record.
(アスリートがどれほど速くマラソンを走ったかが記録を破った)
7. The frequency with which earthquakes occur in this region alarms residents.
→ How frequently / How often earthquakes occur in this region alarms residents.
(この地域で地震がどれほど頻繁に起こるかが住民を不安にさせる)
8. The confidence with which she delivered the speech inspired the crowd.
→ How confidently she delivered the speech inspired the crowd.
(彼女がどれほど自信を持ってスピーチをしたかが群衆を鼓舞した)
注意点・例外っぽいケース
ほぼ全て自然に置き換えられますが、ニュアンスの微妙な違いが出ることがあります。
the + 名詞 + with which→ ややフォーマル・文学的・強調的
how + 副詞→ やや会話的・ストレート・簡潔
「the extent to which」→「to what extent / how much」
「the degree to which」→「to what degree / how much」も自然です。
特に「the accuracy/ease/rapidity/speed/precision/care with which」のような超頻出パターンは、how accurately/easily/rapidly/fast/precisely/carefullyと覚えておくと非常に便利です。
コメントを残す